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Midrash HaGadol
Midrash HaGadol or The Great Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש הגדול) is an anonymous late (14th century) compilation of aggadic midrashim on the Pentateuch taken from the two Talmuds and earlier Midrashim of Yemenite provenance.〔All of the extant manuscripts used in printing the ''Midrash HaGadol'' were taken out of Yemen, and/or are in the possession of Yemenite Jewish families. In the ''Midrash HaGadol''`s Introduction to the Book of Deuteronomy, it cites the various manuscripts used in reproducing its printed copy, one of which belonging to Yosef and Avraham Sharabi; one of which now in the Hebrew University Library collection; four of which in the ''Mossad HaRav Kook'' library collection; one of which belonging to the Ben-Zvi Institute library collection; one of which being a private collection belonging to Dr. Meir Benayahu; and the last one belonging to the Bodleian Library collection in Oxford, England (opp. add. 4o 124a), all of which being of Yemenite Jewish provenance. There is another manuscript now in the Berlin ''Staatsbibliothek'' Library (Or. 1207), also of Yemenite Jewish provenance, as noted in its colophon. In the Introduction to the ''Midrash HaGadol'' (on Numbers), ''Mossad Harav Kook'' edition, other manuscripts are also mentioned, one of which belonging to Azriel Abyadh-HaLivni; another belonging to the late Yisrael Yeshayahu; another belonging to Rabbi Yechiel Shelomo Kessar; another to Rabbi Shalom Tzabari; another to the Rambam Library in Tel-Aviv; and yet another to the Dr. Israel Mehlmann Library in Jerusalem, ''inter alia''. Other manuscripts were known to be in the possession of the late Rabbi Shalom b. Yosef Halevi Alsheikh and of the Hibshush brothers in Tel-Aviv, as well as private collections in the hand of the late Mordechai Margulies and of Rabbi Y. L. HaCohen Fishman, as noted in the Introduction to the ''Midrash HaGadol'' (on Genesis), ''Mosad HaRav Kook'' edition.〕 In addition, it borrows quotations from the Targums, and Maimonides〔E.g. in the ''Midrash HaGadol'' on Exodus 30:34 (''Mossad HaRav Kook'' edition), s.v. נטף ושחלת וחלבנה, the glosses makes note of the fact that the quotation used in the ''Midrash HaGadol'' on the Holy Incense has been taken directly from Maimonides' Mishneh Torah (''Seder Avodah''), ''Hil. Kelei HaMikdash'' 2:4, whose words are these: והשחלת היא הציפורן שנותנין בני אדם במוגמרות, וחלבנה כמו דבש שחור היא וריחה קשה והיא שרף אילנות בערי יון. There are many other scattered excerpts taken from Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law, and Zvi Meir Rabinowitz makes note of this anomaly in his Preface to the ''Midrash HaGadol'' (on Numbers) in the ''Mossad HaRav Kook'' edition, p. 8.〕 and Kabbalistic writings , and in this aspect is unique among the various midrashic collections. This important work—the largest of the midrashic collections—came to popular attention only relatively recently (late 19th century) through the efforts of Jacob Saphir, Solomon Schecter, and David Zvi Hoffman. In addition to containing midrashic material that is not found elsewhere, such as the ''Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai'', the Midrash HaGadol contains what are considered to be more correct versions of previously known Talmudic and Midrashic passages.
== Discovery ==
The existence of the ''Midrash HaGadol'' was first brought to the attention of Jewish scholarship by Jacob Sapir, who in his ''Even Sapir'' (1866) reports seeing a manuscript of the work in the possession of the Chief Rabbi of Yemen . His remarks about the "discovery" are reproduced in ,〔''Midrash HaGadol'', on Book of Numbers, Forward written by Fish, (pp.5–ff. ).〕 where he describes a work on the entire Pentateuch containing "twice as much as our Midrash Rabbah". (It is worth noting that while this collection was new to European Jewry, it was probably well known to the Jews of Yemen.) The first manuscript was brought from Yemen to Jerusalem and then to Berlin in 1878 by a certain Mr. Shapira, and this Midrash subsequently became the subject of much scholarly attention. There are currently approximately two hundred manuscripts of this work residing in various public and private Hebraica collections, according to the catalog of the ''Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts''.
The ''Midrash HaGadol'' on Genesis was first published by Solomon Schecter in 1902. A large portion of ''Midrash HaGadol'' on Exodus was then published by David Zvi Hoffman in 1913. ''Midrash HaGadol'' on Book of Numbers was published by S. Fisch in 1940 in a more accessible style than the previous efforts, which were principally arranged for a scholarly audience. More recent editions listed by are those on Genesis and Exodus by M. Margulies (1967), on Leviticus by E.N. Rabinowitz (1932) and A. Steinsalz (1975), on Numbers by E.N. Rabinowitz (1973), and on Deuteronomy by S. Fish (1972). The Mossad HaRav Kook Institute in Jerusalem has also published a five-volume edition.
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